- Volume 11, Number 3 (2023)
INNOVATIVE POLYURETHANE FORMULATIONS: POLYOL DEVELOPMENT FROM VEGETABLE OILS VIA OXIRANE RING OPENING TECHNIQUE
Venkatesh Viswanathan
Vegetable oils are a promising source of raw materials for the production of high functionality polyols. These polyols are widely used in the manufacture of high-quality products such as polyurethanes and poly(ether urethanes). In this study, a series of bio-based triglyceride vegetable oils, including Sesamum indicum (sesame oil), Arachis hypogeae (peanut oil), Azadirachta indica (neem oil), Jatropha curcas (jatropha oil), and Madhuca longifolia (mahua oil), were used to prepare high molecular weight polyols. The effects of carboxyl to epoxy ratio on the ring opening of epoxy groups were investigated by using castor oil fatty diol. The resulting epoxidized oils and...
OXIDATIVE PATHWAYS: A SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION OF KINETICS AND MECHANISM IN ALKALINE KMNO4 OXIDATION OF D-SORBITOL AND D-DULCITOL
Dayo Akinola
The kinetics and mechanism of alkaline KMnO4 oxidation of D-sorbitol and D-dulcitol were investigated in this study. The oxidation reactions of sugar alcohols were studied using potassium permanganate in alkaline medium. The kinetics of the reaction were found to be inverse first order with respect to sugar alcohol for both substrates, first order each with respect to [KMnO4] and [OH-], and independent of ionic strength for both substrates investigated. Activation parameters such as activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), and entropy of activation (ΔS*) were obtained. The oxidation reaction of sugar alcohols was found to exhibit substrate inhibition due...
BEVERAGE CHEMISTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON CO2 CONTENT DETERMINATION IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING CLOSED SIMPLE DISTILLATION
Amir Hussain
The determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) in aqueous solutions is important for process and quality control in industries such as the beverage industry. The currently popular CO2 process analyzer relies on Henry's law, which states that the volume of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure at a given temperature. However, this method is not selective for CO2 and can be influenced by other gases present in the liquid, leading to interferences. In this study, a novel method for the direct determination of CO2 in aqueous solutions was investigated using a closed simple distillation system....