October - Volume 1, Number 1 (2023)
Evolution of Biodiversity Conservation and Impacts of Laws on the Conservation of African Elephants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Didier Sorue Achille, Ron Keh, Duane Akabe Benjamin
The evolution of biodiversity conservation and the impact of the laws for the conservation of the Congolese's elephants is a study conducted to understand how the elephants of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)are protected and what are the risks associated with its conservation. Some protected areas regularly make inventories，the proof is the availability of the results of the inventories carried out in its protected areas. While we also have certain protected areas which, through the troubles and permanence of armed groups within these protected areas, weakens and discourages that these protected areas have to finance for the work...
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN MULTI-TRANSFUSED Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS IN BASRAH. SEROLOGY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS
Saad K. Al-Salait, Ismael M. Alsaiyad
The transfusion transmitted Cytomegalovirus (TTCMV) may complicate the frequent pRBC transfusion in βthalassemia major (Choobineh et al., 2009). The possibility of CMV transmission in these patients was looked up as the units of blood were neither screened for this infection nor leukoreduced. The aim of this study was to detect the seroprevalence of CMV infection in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients and its relation with the molecular study. A total of 123 children and adolescent; 50 normal and 73 were patients with β-TM on regular blood transfusion. A blood sample was taken from each individual, controls and pre-transfusion patients, and submitted...
NORMALIZING (OPTIMIZING) SELECTION: TWIN PARADOXES OF MAINTAINING STASIS IN THE FACE OF NATURAL SELECTION
Andrew J. Worth
Students readily conflate evolution, gene-based change in organisms from one generation to the next, with natural selection. Natural selection is the main mechanism driving evolution, but these processes differ and the terms are not synonymous. A key point often overlooked is that in most situations, natural selection generally operates as a normalizing (stabilizing or optimizing) force that reinforces existing phenotypic variation. Paradoxically, natural selection usually works to prevent rather than promote evolutionary change. Relatedly, students often mischaracterize evolution as a drive for perfection. Natural selection is a normalizing yet optimizing process that does not yield optimal (ideal) design, but generates...
A Novel Killifish Species (Teleostei: Fundulidae) Discovered in the Upper Río Soto La Marina Basin, Nuevo León, Mexico: Fundulus herminiamatildae
Gabriela Ferreira, Rodrigo Pereira
Fundulus herminiamatildae sp. nov. Is endemic from the Marmolejo stream, a head water tributary of Río Soto La Marina basin, in the municipality of Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. Geologically, it is located in the Northeastern province of México, specifically in the Sierra Madre Oriental subprovince. The water temperatura is a determinant and important factor for the species differentiation. Its closest relative is F. philpisteri. Fundulus herminiamatildae is distinguished from other killifishes by a large number of conspicuous and simple lateral bars, body with high profile, and the following proportions in cephalic length: snout (2.52.9, mean 2.7) eye diameter (4.1-4.9, mean...
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF OROPHARYNGEAL KINGELLA KINGAE IN CHILDREN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH OSTEOARTICULAR INFECTIONS AND ONCOLOGY DISEASES IN BASRAH, IRAQ
Ishtiaq AA. Al-Sheikh, Nadim M. Jamaludeen
Kingella Kingae is gram negative bacterium. It can be a serious etiology of invasive infections detected by molecular technology. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of oropharyngeal Kingella Kingae carriage during the first 5 years of life, association of asymptomatic carriage with cases of osteoarticular infections (OAI), and to compare the prevalence of Kingella Kingae in normal and immune compromised children. Children were divided into: 61 normal, 18 OAI, and 32 Oncology patients. Throat swab was taken from 111 children that was included in the study, and 18 joint fluid samples from OAI children. All samples...