January-March - Volume 12, Number 1 (2024)
PATHWAYS TO PEACE: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION'S INFLUENCE ON CONFLICT PREVENTION
Esther Achieng Ochieng, Samuel Kiprono Chege
The pursuit of nation-building dreams persists in certain regions of Africa; however, recent years have witnessed fractures within many African states, primarily stemming from conflicts. These conflicts have led to brutal battles among various African groups, resulting in devastating consequences. Examples include the longstanding conflicts among the Karamajong of Uganda and the Pokots and Marakwets in Kenya, as well as the Muslim-Christian conflict in Sudan and the genocides in Rwanda and Burundi. This paper examines the complexities of conflict dynamics in Africa, focusing on the socio-political tensions and violent confrontations that have plagued the continent in recent years. Drawing upon...
PROTECTING INNOCENCE: CHILD LABOR LAWS AND HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK IN INDIA
Aisha Fatima Mir
Child labor remains a widespread issue globally, with developing economies, particularly in Africa and Asia, bearing the brunt of its serious consequences. While industrialized nations have made significant strides in reducing child labor, the problem persists in many regions, posing significant challenges to child welfare and development. Africa and Asia collectively account for over ninety percent of the global child labor force, with a higher proportion of African children engaged in labor compared to other regions. According to estimates by the International Labour Organization (ILO), approximately 246 million children aged five to fourteen were economically active in 2005, with the...
COEXISTING CHALLENGES: HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS COINFECTIONS IN THE KENYAN CONTEXT
Fatima Aisha Williams, Samuel David Johnson
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection significantly increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection, leading to heightened concerns regarding disease progression and mortality rates. HIV-infected individuals face a substantially elevated risk of reactivating latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and experiencing rapid disease progression post-infection or reinfection with TB. Extensive research underscores the synergistic impact of HIV on TB infection dynamics, with co-infected individuals facing an annual risk factor that may exceed 10%. While individuals infected with TB alone have a relatively lower lifetime risk of developing TB, the risk is substantially heightened in the context of HIV co-infection. This paper delves into...