FACTORS DETERMINING INTERNATIONAL TOURIST FLOW TO TOURISM DESTINATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

The travel and tourism industry stands as a vital pillar of the global economy, serving as a significant source of revenue, employment, and investment for numerous countries. With its widespread impact on consumption, infrastructure development, and gross domestic product, the industry plays a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and development. This paper examines the multifaceted contributions of travel and tourism to national economies, drawing upon empirical evidence and scholarly research.

International tourism, in particular, serves as a key driver of economic prosperity, generating foreign exchange earnings and stimulating employment opportunities. The steady increase in tourist arrivals, propelled by globalization and market liberalization trends, underscores the industry's resilience and significance in the global marketplace. Following the historic milestone of one billion international travelers in 2012, tourism has continued to experience robust growth, with average annual growth rates surpassing 4.88% in recent years.

In 2018, international tourist arrivals surpassed 1.4 billion, marking a 5% increase from the previous year, and this growth trajectory is expected to persist in 2019 with a projected growth rate of 4-5%. Such trends highlight the continued expansion of the tourism industry and its enduring appeal to travelers worldwide. Both public and private sectors have made substantial investments in tourism infrastructure and services to capitalize on this growth potential.

However, alongside its economic benefits, tourism also presents challenges related to sustainability, cultural preservation, and environmental conservation. As tourist flows continue to increase, destinations must prioritize responsible tourism practices to mitigate negative impacts on local communities and ecosystems.

This paper underscores the importance of balanced tourism development strategies that prioritize economic growth while safeguarding cultural and natural heritage. By fostering collaboration between stakeholders and adopting sustainable tourism practices, countries can harness the full potential of the travel and tourism industry for inclusive and sustainable development.