Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)

Articles

• THEORETICAL TENSIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: LIBERAL AND REALIST APPROACHES TO STATE CONDUCT

  Emily Rose Thompson , Alexander James Williams

  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15490442

  Within the realm of historical international relations, the principles of liberal theory find compelling expression through the collaborative endeavors of various actors, both state and non-state, aimed at codifying international laws. These laws, crafted to safeguard civilization against

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• DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF POWER-SHARING AND ELECTIONS IN ZANZIBAR

  Emmanuel Joseph Ngowi , Sophia Ibrahim Maganga

  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15490444

  Since the reinstatement of the multiparty system in Zanzibar in 1992, the electoral landscape has been marred by persistent strife and violence. Each election cycle has witnessed a concerning escalation of killings, injuries, and social unrest, reflecting deep-seated tensions within the

  16-31

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• COUPS AND CONSEQUENCES: UNDERSTANDING POWER SHIFTS IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA

  João Carlos Pereira dos Santos , Ana Luiza Oliveira Almeida

  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15490446

  In recent years, Francophone Africa has experienced a surge in political unrest characterized by a series of coups d'état, disrupting the democratic progress achieved since the 1990s. This article delves into the underlying causes, implications, and international responses to these coups,

  32-47

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• DIPLOMATIC TIGHTROPE: KENYA’S STRATEGY BETWEEN CHINA AND TAIWAN IN THE 1990S

  Emily Anne Smith

  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15490448

  Kenya's historical narrative is characterized by significant milestones, particularly in its economic and political realms. Economically, the country has undergone a remarkable evolution since gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1963. Initially reliant on agriculture, Kenya has

  48-73

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• LOW WAGES AND HIGH CORRUPTION: UNPACKING ECONOMIC CHALLENGES IN SOKOTO STATE

  Abdulahi Musa Hassan

  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15490450

  Corruption remains a formidable obstacle to political, economic, and social progress across various political systems, exerting detrimental effects on development efforts and bureaucratic efficiency while eroding the credibility of governmental institutions. In the civil service sector,

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