PEERING THROUGH THE DIVIDE: RELIGION'S DAMAGING INFLUENCE ON POLITICAL SYSTEMS

Abstract

Religion's intricate relationship with politics in the modern world defies conventional expectations of marginalization under the sway of secularism or modernity. Rather, the interplay between religion and politics persists as a dynamic force, shaping societies and political landscapes across the globe. This study delves into the nuanced connections between religion and politics, highlighting diverse instances where this relationship has evolved, transformed, and retained its significance. Drawing on a range of global case studies, this research reveals the intricate nature of religion's interaction with politics. The Soviet Union's transformation during the era of Mikhail Gorbachev, from a state vehemently opposing religion to one embracing a more complex relationship, exemplifies this intricate interplay. Similarly, the Middle East's historical entanglement of politics and religion reflects the deeply intertwined nature of these spheres, particularly in the context of Islam, where religion and politics are inseparable. The exploration extends to Iran, an emblematic theocratic state, where radical religious ideas have wielded considerable influence. The Indian context, marked by formal secularism, counters assumptions that secularization leads to the relegation of religion in politics. Southern Africa also serves as a backdrop for analyzing the proximity between religion and politics. By scrutinizing the interaction between Latin Christianity and liberal democracy in Western Europe, and the interplay of liberalism and Protestantism in North America, this study underscores the diversity of relationships worldwide. Recent global events in countries such as Egypt, Cyprus, and Syria underscore religion's ongoing and potent role in politics. Notably, religion transcends being merely a social facet; it often emerges as a significant political force. While sociologists, particularly adherents of structural functionalism, have explored religion's social functions, its political dimensions have garnered limited attention within the field of political science. This article contributes to filling this gap by focusing on the negative aspects of religion's political functions. In doing so, it engages with religion's multifaceted definitions, distinguishing between substantive and functional understandings. By delving into the less explored political aspects of religion, this study enriches our understanding of the complex interplay between religion and politics, casting light on its enduring significance in shaping societies and governance systems.