The Bohai Bay region, a pivotal zone for China's oil and gas reservoirs along the northeastern coast, has recently garnered substantial attention due to escalating demands for these resources. Yet, the intricate geological framework and structural characteristics pose formidable challenges for
Terrestrial water bodies, encompassing rivers, lakes, reservoirs, channels, and ponds, constitute vital sources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supply, alongside their pivotal role in modulating terrestrial hydrology and ecological equilibrium. The temporal and spatial
