TRADITIONAL GOVERNANCE AND THE CONSERVATION OF FORESTED WETLANDS IN THE BOYO HIGHLANDS, CAMEROON

Abstract

Forested wetlands in the Boyo Highlands of Cameroon, particularly in Fundong Subdivision, are vital ecological systems traditionally governed through customary laws. With increasing anthropogenic pressures, especially in highly disturbed areas like Fujua compared to relatively undisturbed zones such as Ijim, there is a need to critically assess the effectiveness and future prospects of these indigenous regulatory frameworks in forest wetland management. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection through interviews, and document reviews conducted in March 2024. Forty (40) key informants including elders, traditional leaders, and council authorities interviewed. SWOT analysis was used to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of customary laws in wetland governance. Findings indicate that customary laws in Fundong are deeply embedded in spiritual, socio-cultural, and ecological traditions. Notable practices include the regulation of sacred springs, forest taboos, seasonal hunting bans, and protected ceremonial sites like Nga’ang and Ndo-awoi. These practices have historically ensured sustainable resource use, preserved biodiversity, and mediated conflict. However, challenges such as lack of formal legal recognition, inadequate enforcement, and vulnerability to external pressures, including environmental degradation and demographic shifts – threaten their continued efficacy. Gender-based exclusion and oral transmission of knowledge further compound these limitations. Customary laws remain a resilient framework for managing forested wetlands in Fundong, providing ecological, spiritual, and social benefits. However, for long-term sustainability, it is essential to formally integrate these indigenous systems into state policies and legal frameworks. Strengthening local enforcement mechanisms, ensuring inclusive participation (especially of women), and documenting traditional knowledge can bolster the role of customary governance in environmental conservation. Recognizing these laws not only safeguards ecological integrity but also promotes cultural heritage and community resilience in the face of climate and socio-political change