A REVIEW OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS IN BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS

Abstract

Though breast cancer that has not spread is curable in 70 to 80 percent of cases diagnosed in earlier stages of the disease. [1] Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women globally. Currently, metastatic breast cancer, indicated by distant organ metastasis, is an incurable disease. These include genetic characteristics such as sensitivities promoted by BRCA mutations, hormone receptors (oestrogen and progesterone receptors) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, encoded by ERBB2) reported to be associated with breast cancer. Note: Treatment depends on molecular subtype. Breast cancer is treated in a multidisciplinary setting with systemic therapy (including chemotherapy and endocrine therapy) and locoregional (surgical and radiation therapy) procedures. These include endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive tumors, anti-HER2 therapy, bone-stabilizing agents, and for BRCA mutation carriers, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, chemotherapy, and, most recently, immunotherapy. Such future therapeutic concepts in breast cancer where there is the aim to escalate or de-escalate a treatment based on tumor biology, early therapy response and even treating patients according to their genomic profile. New therapeutic development is surpassed only by equitable access to the latest therapeutics regardless of socioeconomic status as the greatest challenge in breast cancer treatment of the future