SALTWATER STRUGGLE: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON RED MANGROVES

Abstract

Mangroves, comprising diverse species, serve as the predominant woody vegetation in intertidal zones along tropical and subtropical coastlines globally. This unique habitat is characterized by various physical features, with a prominent salinity gradient from freshwater to seawater, as extensively documented by Odum et al. (1982). The salinity gradient, a pivotal attribute of mangrove ecosystems, has been acknowledged for its role as a potential stressor and a key regulator of physiological processes, including growth, height, survival, and zonation patterns (Lin and Sternberg, 1993).This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between mangroves and the salinity gradient, shedding light on the profound impact it exerts on the physiological aspects of these coastal ecosystems. The investigation encompasses an analysis of existing literature, drawing on the seminal works of Odum et al. (1982) and Lin and Sternberg (1993), along with recent studies that contribute to our understanding of mangrove ecology. The salinity gradient emerges as a multifaceted factor influencing various facets of mangrove life. Physiological responses, such as adaptive mechanisms to cope with varying salinity levels, play a pivotal role in determining the growth and survival of mangrove species. Additionally, the influence of salinity on the vertical zonation patterns within mangrove communities is explored, unraveling the intricate dynamics of these coastal ecosystems.Understanding the nuances of the salinity gradient in mangroves is not only crucial for ecological research but also holds practical implications for conservation and management strategies. As climate change continues to alter environmental conditions, an in-depth comprehension of how mangroves respond to salinity fluctuations becomes paramount. This review synthesizes current knowledge, identifies research gaps, and proposes future directions for studying the dynamic interplay between mangroves and salinity.